![]() The northernmost part of this biome experiences close to 24 hours of sunlight in summer. Summers are also much shorter than winters. Mean temperatures are below 0☌ for six to 10 months of the year. Temperatures range from 15.5 ☌ in summer to -60 ☌ in winter. Above the low hills there is a small strip of white sky.ĭue to its northern location, the arctic tundra has a very cold climate. In the background there are a few low, rocky hills covered in tan grass. Amongst the grasses and plants there are tan and grey boulders of varying sizes from small to large. The foreground shows grasses and plants of different colours, including tan, yellow, orange, red and green. Shown is a colour photograph of an area of the arctic tundra landscape. The word “tundra” comes from the Finnish word tunturi. The arctic tundra is a vast, dry, rocky place, with few trees. Antarctic tundra is found on Antarctica and the surrounding Antarctic islands. It covers approximately 11.5 million km2. It reaches as far south as the Hudson Bay area of Canada and the northern part of Iceland. It covers the lands north of the Arctic Circle up to the polar ice cap. The arctic tundra biome is the northernmost biome. Yellow is in two blobs in South America, most of the southern half of Africa, most of India, a small strip of Southeast Asia, and the northwest coast of Australia. This includes Central America, northern parts of South America, a thin strip across most of Africa and the northern tip of Madagascar, most of Southeast Asia and the northeast tip of Australia. Red is scattered across parts of the southern hemisphere. They are along the southwest coast of the United States, the northeast coast and southern tip of Africa, most of Italy, Greece and Turkey, and small parts of southern Australia. The brown areas are small and scattered widely. ![]() Pink areas are across the western United States, northern Mexico, a narrow strip of South America, most of North Africa and the tip of South Africa, Central Asia and the middle of Australia. This indicates temperate deciduous forest. Starting at the top, purple indicates Alaska, Canada's arctic, the tip of Greenland, Northern Russia, a strip close to the west coast of South America, and part of Central Asia, are tundra.īelow, most of southern Canada and Russia are bright green for boreal forest/taiga.Ī gold blob in the middle of North America, another on the southeast coast of South America, a strip in an arc shape across part of the Middle East and southern Russia, a small part of the southeast coast of Africa, and small parts of the west and south coasts of Australia, indicate grassland.ĭark green appears on the west and east coasts of North America, the west coast of South America, large parts central and southern Europe, the UK, eastern Asia, the southeast corner of Australia, and all of New Zealand. Red is labelled "Tropical Rainforest." Yellow is labelled "Savanna." Gold is labelled "Grassland." Brown is labelled "Chaparral." Pink is labelled "Desert." Dark green is labelled "Temperate Deciduous Forest." Bright green is labelled "Boreal Forest/Taiga." Purple is labelled "Tundra." The map shows the world's oceans in blue, and its landmasses in stripes and blobs of eight different colours.Ī legend on the right side identifies the biomes associated with each colour. Shown is a colour world map illustrating the location of terrestrial biomes. In this chapter, we will explore five biomes: rainforest, savanna, desert, boreal/taiga, and tundra. Temperature and precipitation are the most important factors determining what living things can be found in a given biome. The characteristics of each biome are dependent on its climate. This means that the boreal forests of Canada look like the boreal forests of Russia. A biome has the same characteristics no matter where in the world it is found. These are temperate deciduous forest, grassland, boreal forest/taiga, and tundra. The map below shows where each of the eight major terrestrial biomes are located in the world. This is not the only classification system because scientists do not all agree on the number and types of biomes. In this backgrounder, major terrestrial biomes of the world are named based on the Whittaker classification scheme. Biome is the specific geographic area in which ecosystems can be found. An ecosystem is the interaction of living and nonliving things in an environment.Īn ecosystem is not the same thing as a biome. A biome is a large area of land classified by its plants and animals.Ī biome is made up of many ecosystems. The terrestrial world can be divided into areas called biomes.
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